In the last couple of days, I have been observing two new rowers and gave them feedback on applying their bodies more efficiently.
In general, most beginners overuse smaller muscles (trapez, biceps, hip flexors, deltoids, forearms) in order to propel their flywheel. Through coaching the focus shifts from the small musles to the larger muscle groups such as: quads, gluts, hamstrings, lat, lumbar muscles.
When getting used to the rowing stroke, it is important not to feel rushed during the execution of drive and recovery. Leaving the legs straight after finishing the stroke is important so that the arms and handle can travel over and beyond the straight knees, at which point the forward body angle originating from the hip joint travels towards the flywheel. The lowerback stays supported. It is at this point very likely that the hamstrings feel quite stretched. Over time the hamstrings will lengthen out and the hinging from the hip joint will feel more natural than mechanical.
Throughout the rowing stroke feel tall at all times from your waist up as you swing the body at 3/4 of the leg drive to the finish and before the first 1/4 of the leg/knee rise during recovery.
The shoulders shall be kept as far away from the ear lobes as possible. This relaxed shoulder position is only possible by keeping the trapeze musles elongated and relaxed. (Trapeze musles are often tight because of stress and a habit of shallow breathing).
I hope this helps.
Sincerely
XENO
Olympic Gold and Silver Medalist, Men's Single Scull
Xeno Muller, Olympic gold and silver medalist, indoor rowing, rowing technique.